Machine for adding and subtracting integers and fractions.



PATBNTED OCT. 6, 1908.

B. BUNDY. MACHINE FOR ADDING AND SUBTRAOTING INTEGERS AND FRACTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 21. 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 N0 MODEL.

NORRIS PETERS co.. womuma, wAsHmsToN. u c,

No. 740,522. PATENTED OCT. 6, 1903.

B. BUNDY.

MACHINE FOR ADDING AND SUBTRAGTING INTEGERS AND FRACTIONS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. 1902.

I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 N0 MODEL.

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UNITED STATES.

Patented October 6, 1905'.

PATENT Gar-ton.

BENJAMIN BUNDY, OF PASADENA, CALIFORNIA.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent N 0. 740,522, dated October 6, 1903. Application filed October 21, 1902 Serial No. 128,199. (No model.)

California, have invented and discovered a.

new and useful Improvement in Machines for Adding'and Subtracting Integers and Fractions; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvement in machines for adding and subtracting integers and fractions; and the objects of my improvement are, first, to connect together the parts of the machine, so that it maybe conveniently carried from place to place and occupy little space when not in use; second, to produce and assemble in a machine devices that will with'facility add and subtract whole num bers and fractions; third, to provide means for signaling, whereby the operation of computation is readily performed and the results thereof accurately obtained, and, fourth, to afford means for manually operating the ma chine, thereby obviatingexpensive and cumbrous mechanism. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a top plan view of the machine opened and ready for use, the divisions thereof connected together. Fig. 2 is a view in elevation of one end of the machine shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view in elevation of the divisions of the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 hinged together and partly open. Fig.4 is an end view in elevation of the machine shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the divisions thereof closed. Fig. 5 is a top plan view of one of the divisions of the machine, in oneis a longitudinal section on line ,2 z of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view on the line y 1 of Fig. 0.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view 10 represents views in elevation of the wheel and signaling-wire and also sectional viewof the revolving wheel. tional views of the top plate of the revolving wheel on line 00 x of Fig. 10, of the base-plate with parts of the lateral flanges thereof broken away, of the case or box, and of the pivotal post; and Fig. 12 is a plan view of a portion of the case or box, showing a calendar.

Similar reference letters, numerals, characters,and signs refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The reference-letter 0. refers to the case or box, and the letter I) to the base-plate, having two lateral fiangesextending downward into the rectangular box a, and resting upon the bottom thereof against the sides of said box a. The top of the base-plate b is countersunk, as shown at c in Figs. 7, S, and 9. The edge near the cut-out portion of the base-plate b is provided with a countersunk stop d. (Illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, and 9.)

In each section of the box or case a, about the longitudinal and cross centers thereof, I fasten to the bottom a vertical post e and to the top of which the revolving wheel f is contrally pivoted by means of the pin g. The revolving wheelf carries upon its periphery, and preferably made integral with said wheel, ten radially-projecting resilient arms 72.. Each of said radial arms is provided with raised struck-up portions '5, by means of which the said wheel f, carrying the resilient radial arms h, is revolved by'the finger of the operator, so as to bring any one of the said radial arms to the zero-point, which is a cut-out portion n in the top plate It. (Shown upon Figs; 1 and 5 of the drawings.) I

The box or case a. has extending longitudinally from one end thereof to the other the signaling-wirey', (shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 10 in full and dotted lines, and it is also illustrated in section in Figs. 7, S, and 9.) This wire at one end is attached to the case or box a, and at the other end is a tightening device m, by means of which the wire when it becomes slackened by use can be tightened by turning the adjusting-screw in the clamp m, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings. The opposite end of the signaling-wire is Fig. 11 represents SOC-' preferably fixed in the other end of the case or box at opposite to that to which the tightening device m is secured.

One of the resilient radial arms 71., on the end of which the zero character is placed, as shown in Figs. 1, 5, and 10, has out therefrom the downward-projecting finger L, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the drawings. Said downward-projecting finger L, cut from or made a part of the said radial and resilient arm h, is designed by me to strike the inclined signaling-wire j as the revolving wheelf is carried around by the finger of the operator, and the said downward-projecting finger L is made of such a length as to strike the signaling-wirej when the said finger L reaches the most elevated portion of the wire within the circle wherein the said downward-projecting finger L revolves, one signal or alarm indicating to the operator that one unit must be carried to the next higher column.

The invention as herein presented consists of three divisions A, B, and O. The divisions A and B each contain sections 1, 2, 3, and 4, while division 0 contains three sections 2, 3, and 4. Each of the divisions A, B, and C are hinged together, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the drawings, so that the three divisions of the machine when being operated upon are exposed to view in the same plane and when not in use are compactly folded one upon the other, as in Fig. 4, and occupy but little space upon the desk of the party using the machine.

In division 0, as hereinbefore referred to and illustrated in Fig. l of the drawings, the first section is omitted. In this space the inventors name or a calendar may be inserted.

Each of the corresponding sections of the three divisions are constructed alike, as will readily appear from the above description and upon inspection of Figs. 1, 5, and 6 of the drawings. Each of said sections in each of said divisions is provided with a pivoted post -e. Each of the said corresponding sections of the three divisions is provided with a revolving wheel f, which turns upon the pivotal post 6 and upon the pin g, the latter of which passes through the wheelf into the top of the post e. Each of the said sections of any one of the said divisions has a reotang'ular case a in common and the same base plate 1) with its countersunk portion, (shown at 0,) in which the ends of the said radial arms 71 of the wheel revolve. Inthe edge of each of the said countersunk portions of the base-plate b is provided a corresponding stop (1, in which one of the ten resilient radial arms it has upon each end thereof one of the ten numerical characters from zero (0) to nine, 9.) Each ofsaid arms hofthe wheel f is adapted to be depressed by the finger of the operator placed upon the upward projection t' on each of the said resilient arms as imperatively selected in the process of computation accordingto the numerical characters represented in the number to be added or subtracted.

Section 4 of each of the divisions A, B, and C is intended for the addition and subtraction of fractions, section 4 ot the division A for adding orsubtracting twelfths, Section 4 of division B is intended for adding and subtractingsixteenths, Section 4 of division 0 is intended for adding and subtracting tenths,

Sections 2 and 3 of division 0 are designed for the addition and subtraction of units and tens. Sections 1, 2, and 3 of division B are designed for adding and subtracting hundreds, thousands, and ten thousands. tions 1, 2, and 3 ot' division A are intended for adding and subtracting millions, ten millions, and hundred millions.

Any number of divisions that may be desired can be added to this machine, each of said added divisions having at least three sections for whole numbers and additional sections for fractions that can be reduced to a common denominator, and these additional sections may be hinged or otherwise con nected together. 7

In addition of fractions the manner of operating section 4, division 0, is illustrated in the following manner: For example, add fivetenths plus two-tenths plus four-tenths,equals one and one-tenth. The finger of the operator is placed upon the projection t' opposite the figure on the top plate It indicating one half. The wheelf then is moved around until it reaches the cut-out portion 12 in the top plate It. The next step in the operation is to add two-tenths, when the finger of the operator is placed upon the projection i opposite the figure on the top plate indicating twotenths, and it is carried around until it rests in the cut-out portion at of the top plate 7c.

The third step is to add four-tenths, when the finger of the operator is now placed upon the projection dot the arm h opposite the figure on the top plate indicating four-tenths, and this arm is carried around in the direction shown by the arrow in Fig. 10 of the drawings until the said arm rests in the cut-out portion n in thetopplatek. Duringthislastmovementof the'wheelfthe finger L has been brought in contact with the inclined signaling-wirej and one alarm or signal given, which indicates that one whole number has been added. The finger of the operator is,now placed upon the radial arm opposite the figure on the top plate 70, indicated by the numeral 1 in section 3, and it is moved to the cut-out portion at in said section. The sum of the three fractions added is read from the cut-out portions n 'n, in sections 3 and 4-namely, 1%.

In subtraction of fractions the manner of operating section 4, division 0, is shown in the following manner: For example, subtract onefifth or two-tenths from seven-tenths, which equals five-tenths. The finger of the operator is placed upon the projection t' opposite the figure on the top plate 7c indicating Sec seven-tenths. The wheel f is then moved around until it reaches the cut-outportion n in the top plate. The next step in the operation is to subtract one-fifth or two-tenths, when the finger of the operator is placed upon the projection t' opposite the cut-out portion at in the top plate 7:, and the wheel is carried around in the opposite direction from the arrow shown in Fig. 10 until the said arm iis opposite one-fifth or two-tenths. The result will appear in the cut-out portion in the top plate is.

To avoid making the specification prolix, further description of the operation intended to be performed upon section 4 of division B for adding sixteenths is not deemed necessary; neither is it considered necessary to describe the operation intended to be performed by section 4 of division A for adding twelfths The operation is identical with that above exemplified in adding and subtracting tenths. With like results sixteenths and twelfths can be added by means of sections 4 and 3 of divisions B and A, respectively.

For adding whole'numbers with sections 2 and 3 of division 0 the finger of the operator is placed upon the projecting arm 2' with the zero thereon in sections 2 and 3 and each of said arms of the wheelfon which zero is fixed in said sections placed in the cut-out portions at n on the top plate. operator places his finger upon the arm of the wheel f now opposite the figure 7 on the top plate It, which is carried around until the said arm rests in the cut-out portion n on the top plate. The second step the finger of the operator is placed upon the arm in section 3 opposite the figure 9 of the top plate is, which is carried around until it rests in the cut-out portion w. in the top plate. The third step is to place the finger of the operator upon the projection t of the arm of the wheel fopposite to the figure 1 on the top plate of section 2. The said arm is moved around until it rests in the cut-out portion at of the top plate It. The fourth step is again to place the finger of the operator upon the projecting arm of the wheel fopposite the figure l of section 2, and it is carried around until it registers with the cut-out portion 72 in the top plate is. The sum of the three numbers 79, 10, and 10 now appears in the cut-out portions n n of sections 2 and 3.

For adding whole numbers with sections 1, 2, and 3 of division 13 is exemplified in the following manner: nine hundred plus fiftyeight plus thirty-six. The projecting arms '1 7 on which zero is fixed in sections 1, 2, and 3, are placed in the cut-out portions 72 n n of the top plate 70. The first step the finger of the operator is placed upon the projecting arm of the wheel f on section 1 opposite the number 9 on the top plate 7c, and this arm is moved around in the directionof the arrow shown in Fig. 10 of the drawings until it rests in the cut ont portion 71 of the top plate The next step the 7c. The second step the finger of the operator is placed upon the projecting arm 11 of the wheel f on section 2 opposite the figure 5 on the top plate 7c, and this arm is moved around in the same direction as before until it rests in the cut-out portion n of the top plate It. The third step the finger of the operator is placed upon the projecting arm t' in section 3 opposite the number 8 on the top plate 7c, and this arm is moved around until it rests in the cut-out portion n of the top plate 70. The fourth step the finger of the operator is placed upon the arm t' of the wheel f in section 2 opposite the number 3 on the top plate It, and this arm moves around in the same direction as before until it rests within the cut-out portion n of the top plate It. The fifth step the operator places his finger upon the projecting arm '5 of the wheelfop-.

posite the number 6 on section 3, and this arm is moved around in like manner as before until it rests upon the cut-out portion n of the top plate 70. During the last movement which the operator made one alarm or signal was given, caused by the projecting finger L beingbrought in contact with the inclined wire j, which signal indicates that 1 should be carried to the next higher number, and this, the sixth step, is accomplished by the operator placing his finger upon the projecting arm of the wheel fin section 2 opposite the number 1 on the top plate It, and this arm is moved around in the same direction as before until it reaches the cut-out portion it in the top plate It. The sum of the three numbers is now read in the three outout portions n n n of sections 1, 2, and 3 of the top plate 70, commencing first with section 1, said sum being 994.

It is deemed unnecessary to exemplify the addition of millions, ten millions, or hundred millions, for which sections 1, 2, and 3 of division A are intended to compute.

In Fig. 12 of the drawings I have shown a calendar having a top plate K, a middle revolving plate L, and a top centrally-pivoted plate L It will readily appear from the foregoing description, when read in connection with the drawings hereto appended and made a part of the specification and claims, what is the operation of my invention, and further description of the manner of operating my improvement is deemed unnecessary.

It is obvious that many variations and changes in the details of construction and arrangement of my invention may be made that would readily suggest themselves to persons skilled in the art and still be within the spirit and scope of my invention.

I do not desire to confine this invention to the specific construction, combination, and arrangement of parts herein shown and described, and the right is reserved to make all changes in and modifications of the same as come within the spirit of this invention; but I do desire to secure as myinvention all features of construction and equivalents thereof that come within the scope of my improvement as herein shown and described,and illustrated upon the drawings appended hereto.

Having described my invention, what I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. In machines for adding and subtracting integers and fractions, a case, a base-plate having downward-projecting flanges adapted to rest upon the bottom of the case, a vertical, pivotal post secured to the bottom of said case, a revolving wheel having peripheral, projecting arms with numerical characters thereon, a top plate provided with numerical characters, the said numerical characters on said wheel adapted to register with the numerical characters on the said top plate.

2. In machines for adding and subtracting integers and fractions, a base-plate having downward-projecting flanges within the case and resting upon the bottom thereof, a circular cut-out portion and a down-sunk circular portion, a top plate provided with numerical characters fixed thereon, a centrallypivoted Wheel having numerical characters adapted to be revolved between said two plates and means for registering any one of the numerical characters on the revolving wheel with any one of the numerical characters upon the top plate.

3. In machines for adding and subtracting integers and fractions, a case, a base-plate fitting within said case and resting upon the bottom thereof provided with a circular cutout portion and a down-sunk circular portion, a top plate provided with numerical characters circularly arranged thereon, a centrallypivoted wheel having peripheral projecting arms provided with numerical characters upon the ends thereof, and means for revolving said wheel and for registering the numerical characters thereon with the numerical characters upon the top plate.

4. In machines for adding and subtracting integers and fractions, a case, a base-plate fitting within said case and resting upon the bottom thereof, said base-plate provided with a circular cut-out portion and a down-sunk circular portion, a top plate having a circular cut-out portion corresponding with the cutout portion of the base-plate, the said top plate having numerical characters arranged aroundthe cut-out portion thereof, a centrally-pivoted wheel provided with radial projecting arms having numerical characters fixed upon the ends thereof, signaling devices and means for revolving said wheel whereby the numerical characters on said wheel register with the numerical characters upon the said top plate.

5. In machines for adding and subtracting integers and fractions, a case provided with a wire therein extending from end to end thereof, a base-plate having a circular cutout portion and a down-sunk portion therein, a top plate provided with a circular cut-out portion with numerical characters arranged therearound, a centrally-revolving circular wheel having numerical characters thereon carryinga downward-projecting finger adapted to be brought in contact with said wire and means by which movement may be imparted to said wheel.

6. In a machine for adding and subtracting integers and fractions, a case, an inclined sig naling-wire therein, a base-plate having a circular cut-out portion and a down-sunk portion, a top plate provided with a circular cutout portion corresponding with the circular cut-out portion of the base-plate, a centrallypivoted wheel carrying a downward-projecting finger adapted to be brought in contact with the inclined signaling-wire at one point only of every revolution of the wheel.

' 7. A case, a base-plate secured therein, an inclined signaling-wire secured within the case, said base-plate provided with a circular cut-out portion and a down-sunk circular portion, a top plate having a corresponding circular cut-out portion with numerical characters arranged around said circular cut-out portion of the top plate, a centrally-revolving wheel having a finger made integral therewith, said finger adapted to be brought in contact with the signaling-wire once during an entire revolution of said wheel, and means by which movement may be imparted to said wheel.

8. A case, an inclined signaling-wire, a base-plate having a circular cut-out portion therein anda down-sunk circular portion thereon, a top plate having a circular cut-out portion therein with numerical characters arranged therearound, a vertical pivotal post fixed to the bottom of said case, a wheel provided with numerical characters thereon,pivoted to said vertical post and adapted to revolve between the said two plates, said wheel having radial projecting arms carrying a downward-projecting finger adapted to be brought in contact with the signaling-wire and means by which movement may be imparted to said wheel.

9. In machines for adding and subtracting integers and fractions, a case, an inclined signaling-wire fixed in the ends thereof and extending the entire length of said case, a baseplate provided with downwardly-projecting flanges, circular cut-out portions and a downsunk portion having a stop thereon, a top plate having a circular cut-out portion corresponding centrally with the cut-out portion of the base-plate and provided with numerical characters circularly arranged near. the edge of said cut-out portion of the top plate, a centrally-pivoted wheel having peripheral, projecting radial arms with numericalcharacters thereon adapted to register with the numerical characters upon the top plate, one of said projecting arms carrying a finger adapted to be brought in contact with said inclined signaling-wire at one point only of one entire revolution of said wheel, one of said radiallyprojecting arms adapted to be brought in contact with the said stop upon the bottom plate, at certain points of revolution of said wheel.

10. A case, a signaling device secured in the ends thereof, a base-plate having a circular cutout portion and a down-sunk circular portion formed near the edge of said cut-out portion, said circular down-sunk portion provided with a stop made therein, a centrallypivoted wheel having radial projecting, resilient arms, means for arresting the said radial resilient arms upon the down-sunk circular portion of the base-plate and devices for revolving the wheel.

'11. In a machine for adding and subtractihg integers and fractions, a base-plate having a circular down-sunk portion and a stop made in said circular down-sunk portion, a centrally-pivoted Wheel provided with peripheral projecting resilient arms, and means by which movement may be imparted to said 

